Scalchi and trincianti
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The treatises written on the art of trinciare, or carving food in the banquet hall are full of information about tastes and kitchen practices. The trinciante, or carver, was responsible for carving all food, but especially meat, in front of guests, according to the ancient customs, which were strengthened in the Middle Ages. The carver divided the meat into plates and assigned the more noble cuts to the most prestigious guests. Beginning in the 16th century, the art of trinciare was formalized and became a true spectacle. In Italy – where the tradition arrived possibly from Spain via the Court of Naples - carving was practices al volo, or in the air. The meat was held up with large forks to be cut, while elsewhere a more practical, less spectacular, approach was taken and carving was done on a plate. The first treatise on the Italian art of carving is the Refugio del povero gentilhuomo, (Refuge for the poor gentleman) by Giovanni Francesco Colle (16th cent.), the trinciante to the Court of Ferrara. The treatise was published in 1520 and dedicated to duke Alfonso d’Este. |
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It was followed by Il trinciante di Vincenzo Cervio (16th-17th cent.), published in Venice in 1581 and edited by Reale Fusoritto of Narni (16th cent.), his would-be student and successor in service to cardinal Farnese. This was the true benchmark on carving and included an extensive description of kitchen equipment. The book was frequently copied and imitated by later authors. |
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Also from the 16th century, we have the Dialogo del trinciante, (Dialogue of the trinciante) by Cesare Evitascandalo (16th cent.-1620), published in Rome in 1609. From the 17th century, there is Il trinciante by Mattia Giegher (17th cent.), the so-called “Bavarian of Mosburc”. This is a short treatise, illustrated by numerous tables that was first published in Padua in 1621 and republished in 1639 together with two illuminating texts on the art of folding napkins and on organizing banquets. There is also Discorso del trinciante (Discussion of the trinciante), by Antonio Frugoli (17th cent.), published in Rome in 1638 following the second edition of his Pratica e Scalcaria, the last Italian treatise on the subject.
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Other works written about scalcheria, or the art of organizing events, include the short Opera nova (New Work) by Eustachio Celebrino (16th cent.) of Udine, published in Venice in 1526, and more significant works (like the previously mentioned treatises by Messisbugo and Romoli) that appear at the end of the 16th century and for all of the 17th. |
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Giovan Battista Rossetti (16th cent.) published the monumental book Dello scalco, (On Organizing Banquets) in 1609 in Rome; Ottaviano Rabasco (16th-17th cent.) of Bologna wrote Il Convito (The Banquet), (Florence, 1615); Vittorio Lancellotti (17th cent.) published Lo scalco prattico (The practical banquet organizer) in 1627 in Rome; Antonio Frugoli (17th cent.) wrote the previously mentioned Pratica e scalcaria (Practice and Banquet Organizing) published in Rome in 1631, repetitive and verbose, but with an original chapter on milk and dairy products; Giovan Francesco Vasselli (17th cent.) published L'Apicio, ovvero il Maestro de' conviti (Apicius, or the true Master of Banquets), in Bologna in 1647; Giacomo Calorsi (XVII cent.) published Brevità di scalcaria (Brevity of banquet organization), in Rome in1658, Francesco Liberati (17th cent..-1706) published Il perfetto maestro di casa (The perfect master of the house), in 1658, and Venanzio Mattei (17th cent.) of Camerino published Teatro nobilissimo di scalcheria (Noble theater of banquet organizing), in Rome in 1669.
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And in conclusion, we must mention Lo scalco alla moderna, (Modern banquet organizing) by Antonio Latini (17th cent.) published in Naples in 1692, which we will come back to. This is a series full of works, having shed for the most part Roman influences, underlined the importance of the papal Court and aloe the end of the Italian gastronomic Renaissance, which had already been surpassed by the development of the French cuisine. |














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